Highlights
- Evolution Cycle of the HR Function
- Importance of HRM
- Features_of_HRM
- Objectives of HRM
- Functions of HRM
- FAQs
In this modern era, organisations have become more people-centric than ever — especially since this approach pays great dividends in terms of enhanced employee performance and lower attrition rates. Human Resource Management or HRM plays a key role in allowing employers and organisations to reach their objective.
The functions of HRM hold great significance in the growth and overall development of the organisations. After all, when the employees grow and develop their skills, the organisation will automatically experience growth and expansion.
Some of the primary functions of HRM include job design and job analysis, recruitment/ hiring and selection, training and development, compensation and benefits, performance management, managerial relations and labour relations.
Evolution Cycle of the HR Function
Every HR department develops along with the development and growth of the organization. The HRM evolves through 3 distinct stages where it begins as a Business Function, turns into a Business Partner and afterwards a Strategic Partner.
In every one of these cases, the job and responsibilities of the HR division evolve to be more strategic. At more elevated levels of maturity, the HR department can increase the value of the leadership potential, top talent, company goals, employee retention rate and long haul manageability of the association.
At each stage, the credits and worth added by the Human Resources department change and the mediums required for this will change . At any rate, HR in an association should be liable for overseeing employee information, finance, time management, and setting up organization strategies. The HR department handles the effectiveness of human resource strategies and should be incorporated into every decision making process in the organization.
As a business partner, HR’s job is to meet the “current business needs” with the goal that the association can develop at a quantifiable rate. At this stage, HR moves to competency-based recruitment, pay grades, sudden turn of events, correspondence and organization plan.
HR helps in formalizing the organization hierarchy (who does what and reports to whom). That done, it recognizes the skills essential for each work job. Further, it helps in characterizing programs that are essential for building up these abilities, recruitment strategies to assess the expertise levels and benchmarking the abilities against industry norms and contenders etc.
All out salary (finance and advantages) likewise turns into a center territory where the HR assists the association with drawing in and holding talented employees by turning into a pioneer in paying the employees.
Utilizing the expertise database and the company structure, the HR work develops pay hikes, improves the preparation capacity and makes the recruitment work more receptive to the abilities required by the association.
Organizations that see their HR as a strategic business partner have faith in giving the full maturity of their HR work. Such organizations are centered around accomplishing leadership roles instead of a year-on-year development.
Importance of HRM:
Strategy management is an essential component of every organization and plays a critical aspect in human resource management. HR managers oversee strategies to guarantee that the organization meets its business objectives while also making major contributions to corporate decision-making, which includes assessments for present workers and projections for subsequent ones based on business requirements. HR is also the agency to contact if any form of professional problem emerges between workers. They guarantee that challenges and disputes are properly handled by examining the topic objectively and fostering good conversation to establish a solution. Furthermore, they assist employees in understanding various methods of creating productive work connections as well as the need not to allow personal judgment to affect their behaviour.
Features of HRM
1. A Part of Management Discipline
HRM is a crucial aspect of administration. Even though it is not considered a profession in itself, it is unquestionably a subject of study. Because HRM is part of the management process category, it largely relies on management concepts, methods and procedures when managing the human resources of almost any business segment.
2. Universal Existence
HRM is universal and is applicable everywhere, irrespective of the size, nature and variety of scopes.
3. Concerned with People
HRM is concerned with the management of human resources or human characteristics in a business segment. It oversees a variety of individuals, including workers/labourers, bosses, managers and other associated senior managers. As a result, HRM is described as the management of “people resources’ and their dedication to their jobs.
4. Action-oriented
Instead of record-keeping, written processes or regulations, the focus of Human Resource Management is “activity.” Employee issues are resolved by sensible policies.
5. Directed towards the achievement of objectives
HRM is focused on working to attain organizational goals. It also gives tools and procedures for properly managing the firm’s human resources.
6. Integrating mechanism
Among the most essential purposes of HRM is to identify the best way to achieve shared goals. It also helps to establish friendly relationships among employees at all levels of a business.
7. Development-oriented
HRM strives to optimize or maximize the usage of employees’ talents or potential. For all of this, it tailors the compensation structure to the demands of the personnel. It also influences staff training in order to improve their abilities. It makes every effort to fully use the capabilities of its people to serve the organizational goals.
8. Continuous processes
HRM is an ongoing process, it operates from the day an organisation is created until it is disbanded. It primarily focuses on managing the firm’s human capital, which is a continuous process rather than a one-time event or a bad transaction.
9. Comprehensive function
HRM can never be an isolated process since it involves all employees. No one is exempt from the periphery of HRM, regardless of his or her status, remuneration or kind of job.
Objectives of HRM:
Some of the key objectives of HRM are:
- HR managers strive to reduce expenses in areas, such as retaining employees. HR specialists are taught to conduct effective negotiations with potential and current workers, as well as to be knowledgeable about employee perks that are likely to attract excellent applicants and keep current employees.
- HR managers play an important role in developing employer-employee relationships since they contribute considerably to training and development programs. This leads to staff development inside the organization, hence, increasing employee happiness and productivity.
- Human resource managers are in charge of organizing activities, events and celebrations inside the organization, which provide possibilities for team development. Furthermore, it increases employee engagement and fosters a sense of confidence and regard among colleagues.
Functions of HRM:
- Job design and job analysis
- Employee hiring and selection
- Employee training & development
- Compensation and Benefits
- Employee performance management
- Managerial relations
- Labour relations
- Employee engagement & communication
- Health and safety regulations
- Personal support for employees
- Succession Planning
- Industrial Relations
1. Job design and job analysis
One of the foremost functions of HRM is job design and job analysis. Job design involves the process of describing duties, responsibilities and operations of the job. To hire the right employees based on rationality and research, it is imperative to identify the traits of an ideal candidate who would be suitable for the job. This can be accomplished by describing the skills and character traits of your top-performing employee. Doing so will help you determine the kind of candidate you want for the job. You will be able to identify your key minimum requirements in the candidate to qualify for the job.
Job analysis involves describing the job requirements, such as skills, qualification and work experience. The vital day-to-day functions need to be identified and described in detail, as they will decide the future course of action while recruiting.
2. Employee hiring and selection
Recruitment is one of the primary functions of human resource management. HRM aims to obtain and retain qualified and efficient employees to achieve the goals and objectives of the company. All this starts with hiring the right employees out of the list of applicants and favourable candidates.
An HRM helps to source and identify the ideal candidates for interview and selection. The candidates are then subjected to a comprehensive screening process to filter out the most suitable candidates from the pool of applicants. The screened candidates are then taken through different interview rounds to test and analyse their skills, knowledge and work experience required for the job position.
Once the primary functions of HRM in recruitment are completed, and the candidate gets selected after rounds of interviews, they are then provided with the job offer in the respective job positions. This process is important because these selected employees will, after all, help the company realise its goals and objectives.
3. Employee training & development
Imparting proper training and ensuring the right development of the selected candidates is a crucial function of HR. After all, the success of the organisation depends on how well the employees are trained for the job and what are their growth and development opportunities within the organisation.
The role of HR should be to ensure that the new employees acquire the company-specific knowledge and skills to perform their task efficiently. It boosts the overall efficiency and productivity of the workforce, which ultimately results in better business for the company.
HRM plays a very crucial role in preparing employees for bigger tasks and responsibilities, which leads to the holistic development of employees at work. And an organisation which provides ample growth and development opportunities to its employees is considered to be a healthy organisation.
4. Compensation and Benefits
Benefits and compensation form the major crux of the total cost expenditure of an organisation. It is a must to plug the expenses, and at the same time, it is also necessary to pay the employees well. Therefore, the role of human resource management is to formulate attractive yet efficient benefits and compensation packages to attract more employees into the workplace without disturbing the finances of the company.
The primary objective of the benefits and compensation is to establish equitable and fair remuneration for everyone. Plus, HR can use benefits and compensation as a leverage to boost employee productivity as well as establish a good public image of the business.
Therefore, one of the core HR department functions is to lay down clear policies and guidelines about employee compensation and their available benefits. One of the functions of HR manager is to ensure the effective implementation of these policies and guidelines. This creates equality and builds transparency among the employees and the management within the organisation. After all, the level of employee satisfaction at work is directly proportional to the compensation and benefits they receive.
5. Employee performance management
The next activity on HR functions list is effective employee performance management. Effective performance management ensures that the output of the employees meets the goals and objective of the organisation. Performance management doesn’t just focus on the performance of the employee. It also focuses on the performance of the team, the department, and the organisation as a whole.
The list of HR functions for performance management includes:
- Developing a proper job description
- Initiating an appropriate selection process to hire the right candidates for the job positions
- Providing the right training and education needed to enhance the performance of the employees
- Enabling real-time feedback and coaching employees to boost efficiency among them
- Conducting performance reviews monthly or quarterly to discuss the positives and the improvement areas of employees
- Formulating a proper exit interview process to understand why experienced employees choose to leave the company
- Designing a proper appraisal and compensation system that recognises and rewards the workforce for their effort and hard work
6. Managerial relations
Relationships in employment are normally divided into two parts — managerial relations and labour relations. While labour relations is mainly about the relationship between the workforce and the company, managerial relations deals with the relationship between the various processes in an organisation.
Managerial relations determine the amount of work that needs to be done in a given day and how to mobilise the workforce to accomplish the objective. It is about giving the appropriate project to the right group of employees to ensure efficient completion of the project. At the same time, it also entails managing the work schedules of employees to ensure continued productivity. It is essential that HR handles such relations effectively to maintain the efficiency and productivity of the company.
7. Labour relations
Cordial labour relations are essential to maintain harmonious relationships between employees at the workplace. At the workplace, many employees work together towards a single objective. However, individually, everyone is different from the other in characteristics. Hence, it is natural to observe a communication gap between two employees. If left unattended, such behaviours can spoil labour relations in the company.
Therefore, it is crucial for an HR to provide proper rules, regulations and policies about labour relations. This way, the employees have a proper framework within which they need to operate. Therefore, every employee will be aware of the policies which will create a cordial and harmonious work environment.
Such a structured and calm work atmosphere also helps with improving performance and aching higher targets.
8. Employee engagement and communication
Employee engagement is a crucial part of every organization. Higher levels of engagement guarantee better productivity and greater employee satisfaction. Efficiently managing employee engagement activities will help in improving the employee retention rates too. HRM is the right agent who can manage the employee engagement seamlessly. Proper communication and engagement will do wonders for the employees as well as the organization. The more engaged the employees are, more committed and motivated they will be.
Human resource teams know the ‘humans’ of the organization better than anyone else. This gives them an upper hand in planning engagement activities. Although such activities might not fall under the direct functions of HRM, they are indeed required for the organizational welfare and employer branding.
9. Health and safety regulations
Every employer should mandatorily follow the health and safety regulations laid out by the authorities. Our labour laws insist every employer to provide whatever training, supplies, PPE, and essential information to ensure the safety and health of the employees. Integrating the health and safety regulations with company procedures or culture is the right way to ensure the safety of the employees. Making these safety regulations part of the company activities is one of the important functions of HRM.
10. Personal support for employees
HRM assists employees when they run into personal problems which may interfere with the workflow. Along with discharging administrative responsibilities, HR departments also help employees in need. Since the pandemic, the need for employee support and assistance has substantially increased. For example, many employees needed extra time off and medical assistance during the peak period of the pandemic. For those who reached out for help, whether it may be in the form of insurance assistance or extra leaves, companies provided help through HR teams.
11. Succession Planning
Succession planning is a core function of HRMs. It aims at planning, monitoring, and managing the growth path of the employees from within the organizations.
What usually happens is that promising and bright employees within the organization who have excelled in their roles are handpicked by their supervisors and HRs, and their growth paths are developed.
This, of course, becomes quintessential as those employees who recognize the fact that the company is investing in their growth and development, and therefore, will stay loyal in the long run. However, while developing such employees towards a higher role, companies must keep in mind several aspects, such as improving employee engagement, assigning challenging tasks and activities.
An employee leaving the organisation can prove to be disruptive and expensive. Therefore, succession planning is a saviour of some sorts, as it helps identify the next person who is just right to replace the outgoing individual.
12. Industrial Relations
It’s usually the production lines and manufacturing units where this HR function is mostly used. You see, Unions exist in factories and manufacturing units. And their responsibility is towards the goodwill about the workers — in fact, they’re always vocal and upfront about.
Now, for a company, especially into manufacturing and production, the HRs must have ongoing Industrial Relations practices. They must also continuously engage with the Unions in a friendly and positive manner to maintain amicable relations.
The true motive of Industrial Relation touches on a lot of issues within the company. For instance, Industrial Relations may be in place to meet wage standards, reduce instances that call for strikes and protests, improve working and safety conditions for employees, reduce resource wastage and production time and so on.
Industrial Relations is extremely important because, if handled properly, it can circumvent protests, violence, walkouts, lawsuits, loss of funds and production time. IR is a sensitive yet critical function of the HR department, naturally, it requires personnel with vast experience.
HRM plays a major role in the smooth functioning of the organisation. The process starts with formulating the right policies for the job requirements and ends with ensuring a successful business growth of the company. Therefore, HRM works as an invisible agent that binds together all the aspects of the organisation to ensure smooth progress.
The Advisory Functions Of Human Resource Management
The advisory function of Human Resource Management plays a crucial role in managing an organization’s human resources.
The HRM experts guide and advise the top management and departmental heads. The HRM team can recommend the top management in formulating and evaluating personnel programs, policies, and procedures. This helps to align the HR strategies with the overall organizational goals and objectives.
Furthermore, the HRM team can advise departmental heads on various matters such as workforce planning, job analysis, job design, recruitment, selection, placement, training, and performance appraisal. This guidance helps departmental heads make informed decisions about their workforce, ensuring that they have the right people in the right positions and that employees are adequately trained and evaluated.
In conclusion, the advisory function of Human Resource Management is essential for organizations to manage their human resources effectively. The HRM team’s expertise can be utilized to guide and support decision-making at all levels of the organization, resulting in a more efficient and productive workforce.
Frequently asked questions – FAQ’s
1) What are the basic functions of Human Resource Management?
The basic functions of human resource management are planning, controlling, directing and organizing company activities, utilization of workforce, recruitment and staffing etc.
2) What is the employee retention rate?
It is defined as the rate of ability of the organization/employer to retain its employees. It is one of the most important objectives of human resource management.
3) What is the role of HRM in retaining employees?
Human resource management functions as a main contributor to the employee retention efforts. The HR department plays a crucial role in employee retention and management. Their retention efforts include training, internal promotions, bonus, employee engagement activities, improving workplace policies etc.
4) What is HR outsourcing?
HR outsourcing is an authoritative understanding between a business and an outside outsider supplier whereby the business moves the administration of, and duty regarding, certain HR capacities to the outer supplier.
5) Why is HR outsourcing important?
Outsourcing HR functions help companies streamline important HR functions. The companies can then focus more on other relevant management functions. Efficient HR services providers can help companies declutter the office activities and work progressively to achieve company goals. Staffing flexibility and cost efficiency are the major reasons why companies outsource HR services.
6) What is HR gamification?
Gamification is the use of game-thinking and game mechanics in non-game situations, for example, business conditions and processes, explicitly in recruitment, employee training and development, and employee motivation; so as to draw in clients and tackle issues.
7) What is Human Resource Software?
HR software helps companies manage worker records, salary and related information. It is also known as Human Resources Information System (HRIS) and Human Resource Management System (HRMS). The capability of the software varies according to the service provider.
8) How is performance appraisal related to Human Resource Management?
Performance appraisal is an efficient assessment of the employee’s current occupation abilities and his potential for development and advancement by his employer. It tends to be either casual or formal.
The casual appraisals are spontaneous while a formal appraisal framework is set up by the association to normally assess expected performance. It decreases the opportunity of inclination and snap judgment yet bound to yield better outcomes. Performance appraisal functions are usually managed by human resource departments.
9) Does HR include payroll services?
Payroll functions are managed by either the finance department or human resources division in many organizations. Payroll is number-driven and calls for information on tax laws of the country and bookkeeping. Simultaneously, payroll is additionally viewed as a component of HR since it pays and manages people in the organization.
10) Is training and development part of Human Resource Management?
Training and development are an integral part of the human resource development activity in all kinds of organizations. Mostly the training and development is managed by HR teams or dedicated teams who specialize in employee development.
